Name: ________________
Hours Studied: _________
Geography 123: Weather & Climate
Exam II: March 21, 2000
Part I: Place Names. Please
locate each of the following on the map at the end of the exam. DO
THESE RIGHT NOW!!! Please
use only the number of the location, and please highlight your number (ask me
for a highlighter if you don’t have one) so that they are easier for me to
find. One point each.
1.
Pacific
Ocean 6. Ganges River
2.
Red
Sea 7. Congo (Zaire) River
3.
Gulf
of Mexico 8. Rocky Mountains
4.
Hudson
Bay 9. Gobi Desert
5.
Amazon
River 10. Sahel
Part II: Multiple-multiple Choice. Circle the letter of every correct choice, and remember that there may be one, two,
three, or four correct choices per question.
Two points each.
1.
Maximum
temperatures
a.
usually
occur at the same time as the receipt of maximum SWY radiation.
b.
are
created by a combination of SWY and LWX.
c.
usually
occur later in the year than the summer solstice.
d.
usually
occur around noon.
2.
An
inversion
a.
occurs
when temperatures decrease with increasing elevation.
b.
is
common over cold water bodies.
c.
inverts
the normal distribution of temperature with increasing elevation.
d.
prevents
surface air from rising because the surface air is heavier than the air above
it.
3.
To
change water from the liquid form to the gaseous form
a.
gives
off energy.
b.
produces
an odorless, invisible, and tasteless gas.
c.
is
a cooling process.
d.
requires
hundreds of calories of energy per gram of water.
4.
Atmospheric
pressure
a.
is
greatest near the top of the atmosphere.
b.
is
29.92” Hg at sea level.
c.
is
lower at the tropopause than at the earth’s surface.
d.
is,
in the average, higher at 30oN than at 60oS.
5.
In
a mercury barometer
a.
liquid
rises up a tube as atmospheric pressure increases.
b.
air
molecules press on the surface of the mercury.
c.
mercury
drops in the tube when air molecules rise.
d.
water
vapor forces mercury to give off heat.
6.
In
an updraft
a.
air
molecules rise.
b.
the
vertical pressure gradient force is greater than gravity.
c.
atmospheric
pressure at the surface is greater than it is in a downdraft.
d.
the
horizontal pressure gradient is greater than gravity.
7.
The
Coriolis effect
a.
is
a force.
b.
bends
air to the left of its path of motion in the northern hemisphere.
c.
increases
as wind speed increases.
d.
counters
the pressure gradient force to determine wind speed aloft.
8.
On
a sling psychrometer
a.
the
wet bulb temperature is higher than the dry bulb thermometer if relative
humidity is
greater than 85%.
b.
the
dry bulb temperature is lower than the wet bulb if relative humidity = 100%.
c.
relative
humidity is the difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb.
d.
the
dry bulb reading is greater than the wet bulb if relative humidity is less than
100%.
Part III: Definitions. Place
the term of value defined in the space provided. Two points each.
1. _______________________ The
approximate value on a Celsius scale of 70o F.
2. _______________________ The
average value of the normal environmental lapse rate.
3. _______________________ The
value of average sea level pressure in mb.
4. _______________________ The
growth of ice crystals via deposition of water vapor,
leading
to precipitation.
5. _______________________ Rain
that evaporates before reaching the ground.
6. _______________________ A
mid-level layered cloud from which rain is falling.
Part IV. Diagrams and Short Answer
1.
A
city has a the following temperatures recorded during the day:
6:00 AM 50o
F. 4:00 PM 70o F. 2:00 AM 54o F.
8:00 AM 53o
F 6:00 PM 68o F. 4:00 AM 52o F.
10:00 AM 56o
F. 8:00 PM 64o F.
Noon 63o
F. 10:00 PM 59o F.
2:00 PM 68o
F. Midnight 57o F.
a.
What
was the city’s average daily temperature?
Please show your work. Two
points.
a.
What
was the city’s daily temperature range?
Please show your work. Two
points.
2.
On
the graph below, show the relationship between latitude and temperature
range. Label the
axes of the graph, taking care to put the dependent variable and the
independent variable on the correct axes, and then show how temperature range
varies with latitude. Two points. Then below the graph, explain why some
latitudes have a low temperature range and others have a large range. Five points.
a.
Graph
(2 pts.):
_______________________________
b.
Explanation
(5 pts.):
3.
On
the circle below, draw in and label the global pressure belts and cells. Then draw in the global wind belts, labeling
each. Do not worry about showing the
convection cells between the surface and the trop. Eight points.
4.
Using
isobars, diagram a geostrophic wind in the northern hemisphere. Be certain to label your
isobars and draw the wind correctly in relation to
the isobars. Three points.
5.
Pressure
cell and winds:
a.
In
the space below, use isobars to draw a low pressure cell. Label the isobars with representative values
for surface low pressure readings (4 points).
b.
Then
on your cell, show with arrows the direction(s) of the pressure gradient (2
pts.) using solid lines.
c.
Finally,
show the direction(s) of wind flow relative to the isobars, assuming a northern
hemisphere location and a non-geostrophic wind (2 pts.)
Note:
This question is worth a total of eight points. Be certain that you complete all
the parts.
6.
Consult
the attached relative humidity and dew point charts as necessary. A parcel of air rises over a mountain. The parcel starts at sea level at a
temperature of 75o F. with a relative humidity of 54%.
a.
What
is the parcel’s dew point temperature (2 pts.)? ________
b.
At
what elevation will the parcel reach saturation (2 pts.)? _______
Explain
how you determined your answer (4 pts.).
7.
The
two requirements for condensation to occur are (4 pts.):
a.
b.
Part V. Essay.
Write
an answer to one (and only one) of
the following. Remember – I expect and
demand good quality, college level writing and your grade will be determined in
part by the quality of your writing since poor writing almost always means that
the necessary arguments are not made well.
Take a few minutes to decide which question you can
answer best. Please circle the number of
the question you choose. Then
outline your answer, making each major section of your outline correspond to a
major point in your essay. Begin your answer with a short introduction. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence
that states the main point of the paragraph.
Then bolster that topic sentence with a simple, concise explanation and
examples. Diagrams will usually help,
and should be included when they do.
End your essay with a short conclusion.
Note: Try to
write simply and concisely. Don’t try
to wow me with flowery language – doing so usually makes your essay sound
amateurish and it annoys me. Be certain
that whenever you use comparison words such as “more,” “less,” ‘higher,” etc.
that you end the comparison by saying more than what, less than what, or higher
than what. End the comparison even if
your intent seems obvious, because it may be obvious to you but not to me.
Finally, proof read your essay, checking for
misspellings, grammar mistakes, and lapses in logic. If you decide to add something and don’t have room to do so in
the body of the essay, write that something at the end and put an asterisk in
the essay where the addition should be.
Make the asterisk big and tell me where the addition is – I’ll find it
and insert it in the proper place. If
you decide to omit something you have written, simply draw a line through what
you wish to omit. Last, proof read a
second time to be certain that everything makes sense and flows logically.
BE CERTAIN THAT I CAN READ
YOUR PENMANSHIP, BECAUSE IF I CAN’T YOUR GRADE IS 0 – I CAN’T GIVE CREDIT FOR
WHAT I CAN’T DECIPHER. Twenty points.
1.
Diagram
and thoroughly explain a sea breeze
and a land breeze.
or
2.
Explain
how the change in state of water can transfer energy from one form to another
and from one place to another.
Note: The use of a diagram here
will help immensely.
1 Pacific Ocean
2 Red Sea
3. Gulf of Mexico
4. Hudson Bay
5. Amazon River
6. Ganges River
7. Congo (Zaire) River
8. Rocky Mountains
9. Gobi Desert
10. Sahel