Name: ___________________

Hours Studied: ____________

Geology 101: Physical Geology

Final Exam

May 17, 1999

Part I: Multiple-multiple Choice. Please circle the letter of every correct choice, and remember that there may be one, two, three, or four correct choices per question. Two points each.

1. Deserts

a. are often created by rising air, which cools and can therefore hold large amounts of moisture as water vapor, decreasing the formation of precipitation.

b. are often created by descending air, which warms and can therefore hold large amounts of moisture as water vapor, decreasing the formation of precipitation.

c. are found around the world at 45° N and S.

d. often form on the leeward sides (the side away from the prevailing winds) of mountain chains.

2. Alluvial fans

a. often form at the mouth of mountain streams as they enter the flat area at the mountain front.

b. form when the velocity of the streams increases.

c. have coarser material near the mountain and finer material further away from the mountain.

d. often make good aquifers.

3. In deserts

a. drainage of rivers is usually to the ocean.

b. washes are common.

c. playa lakes lose water to the water table.

d. playas are often the source of mineral deposits called evaporites.

4. An atoll

a. is formed of granite.

b. is created by organisms.

c. has mountainous slopes on its inner sides.

d. forms around a volcanic island.

5. Stream piracy

a. is rare over geologic time.

b. is caused by lateral (sideways) erosion by rivers.

c. will increase the discharge of the river that is closer to sea level.

d. occurs when a river with a steep gradient intersects a river with a more gentle gradient.

6. Stream erosion

a. increases with an increase in load.

b. decreases with an increase in discharge.

c. increases the suspended load during flood stage.

d. cannot be accomplished without suspended load.

7. Stratified drift

a. is deposited by glacial ice.

b. is sorted according to particle size.

c. can only be found in the region covered by the ice.

d. can be found beyond the terminal moraine as well as in the region covered by the ice.

8. A geyser

a. may be an indication of the presence of a magma chamber.

b. is the same thing as a hot spring

c. erupts when pressure builds beneath a constriction in a system of underground channels.

d. gets its water from ground water that originated as precipitation.

9. An artesian spring

a. gets its water from an aquaclude.

b. is created when a vertical crack intersects an aquifer overlain by an aquaclude.

c. flows as a result of the pressure of water in an aquifer.

d. flows as a result of pumping.

10. Solifluction

a. occurs in warm climates.

b. is dangerous.

c. creates layers of saturated soil in valley bottoms.

d. is a form of a slide.

Part II: Definitions. Please place the value or concept defined in the space provided. Two points each.

1 ______________________ Wind-blown silt, common in desert areas and areas in the lee of former glacial spillways (rivers that carried glacial meltwaters at the glaciers melted).

2. ______________________ The bending of a wave caused as the wave approaches shore at an angle.

3. ______________________ A mound or spire of rock, left standing in the ocean after the surrounding rock has all been eroded away.

4. ______________________ The adjective that refers to a river that has many shallow, interconnected channels separated by numerous sand or gravel bars; common in glacial and desert areas.

5. ______________________ The deepest level to which a river can erode its bed.

6. ______________________ A meander cut into solid rock.

7. ______________________ A hole in a glacier.

8. ______________________ A rock picked up by a glacier in one area and transported to and deposited in a different area.

9. ______________________ The up-bow of Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks in the center of Wisconsin.

10. ______________________ The type of rock that composes Elephant Rock.

11. ______________________ A speleothem that grows from a cave floor.

12. ______________________ A mudflow caused by a volcanic eruption.

Part III: Short Answer/Diagram.

1. Diagram a side view of a mesa and a butte, showing the difference between them (2 pts.).

Mesa Butte

2. Diagram a wave, showing the wave height, length, crest, and trough. Two points.

3. Diagram a top view (as if you were looking at the area from an airplane) of an atoll, showing and labeling the atoll and lagoon. Two points.

4. Diagram a top view of a river in the lower reaches of its profile, close to its mouth. Show and label each of the following (seven points):

a. a meander

b. a point bar deposit

c. a cut slope (cut bank, undercut slope)

d. an ox-bow lake (cutoff meander)

e. a natural levee

f. a Yazoo stream

g. a birdsfoot delta created by the river

5. Diagram a dendritic drainage pattern and a radial drainage pattern, showing the differences between them. Then in the blank below the diagram, indicate where each might be found. Four points.

Dendritic Radial

__________________ __________________

6. Diagram a cross section of a fluvially carved valley and a glacially carved valley, showing the different between them. Two points.

Fluvially (river) carved valley Glacially carved valley

7. To the left of each glacial feature, indicate whether the landform is more commonly created by a valley glacier (V) or a continental glacier (C). One-half point each.

a. _____ Horn

b. _____ Drumlin

c. _____ Interlobate moraine

d. _____ Medial moraine

e. _____ Cirque

f. _____ Lateral moraine

g. _____ Truncated spur

h. _____ Kame

8. Diagram a side view of a drumlin, showing with an arrow the direction the glacier was moving that created the feature. Two points.

9. Tell me where we saw an example of each of these features on our field trip. Two points.

a. Driftless Area: ___________________________________________

b. Terminal Moraine: ________________________________________

c. Drumlin: ________________________________________________

d. Glacial Lake Bed: _________________________________________

10. Assume that you are taking a field trip on your own and see the following landforms. Explain to me how you can identify each and differentiate them from each other. To do this, you might explain what the feature looks like, what it is made of, where it is in relation to the ice, etc. (Note – don’t feel obligated to do all these for each feature – merely tell me how to ID the feature and differentiate it from others.) One point each.

a. Former lake bed: __________________________________________

b. Outwash plain: ____________________________________________

c. Terminal moraine: __________________________________________

________________________________________________________

d. Kettle: ___________________________________________________

e. Ground moraine: ____________________________________________

11. On the outline of Wisconsin below, show the location of each of the following (one point each.):

a. Terminal moraine of the last advance of the ice in Wisconsin.

b. An esker (please do only one)

c. A drumlin (please do only one)

d. Interlobate/kettle moraine

e. Lake Michigan Lobe

f. Green Bay Lobe

g. An outwash plain

h. Devils Lake

12. Diagram a side view of the ground, showing and labeling the zone of aeration, the zone of saturation, the water table, and a cone of depression. Two points.

13. Draw a side view of a gaining stream and a losing stream and with arrows show the direction of water movement relative to the streambed. Two points.

Gaining stream Losing stream

14. List three factors that would enhance the development of a karst landscape. Three points.

a.

b.

c.

15. Diagram a sinkhole using contour lines. Two points.

16. Diagram a side view of slumping (two points).

17. List four factors that can make mass movement more likely to occur. Four points.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Part V: Mini-essay. In a few sentences (one paragraph maximum), explain how Devils Lake was formed. Five points.